Core: Abide by COM MTA requirement for cubeb on Windows. Partially based on https://github.com/dolphin-emu/dolphin/pull/8920#discussion_r459746604

Co-authored-by: Michael M <mchtly@gmail.com>

Source/Core/AudioCommon/CubebUtils.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <thread>
 
+#include "Common/Assert.h"
 #include "Common/CommonPaths.h"
 #include "Common/Logging/Log.h"
 #include "Common/Logging/LogManager.h"
@@ -14,6 +16,49 @@
 
 #include <cubeb/cubeb.h>
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <Objbase.h>
+#endif
+
+// On Windows, we must manually ensure that COM is initialized in MTA mode on every thread that
+// accesses the cubeb API. See the comment on cubeb_init in cubeb.h
+// We do this with a thread-local variable that keeps track of whether COM is initialized or not,
+// and initialize it if it isn't. When the thread ends COM is uninitialized again.
+#ifdef _WIN32
+namespace
+{
+class auto_com
+{
+public:
+  auto_com() = default;
+  auto_com(const auto_com&) = delete;
+  auto_com(auto_com&&) = delete;
+  auto_com& operator=(const auto_com&) = delete;
+  auto_com& operator=(auto_com&&) = delete;
+  ~auto_com()
+  {
+    if (m_initialized)
+    {
+      CoUninitialize();
+    }
+  }
+  bool initialize()
+  {
+    if (!m_initialized)
+    {
+      HRESULT result = CoInitializeEx(nullptr, COINIT_MULTITHREADED | COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE);
+      m_initialized = SUCCEEDED(result);
+    }
+    return m_initialized;
+  }
+
+private:
+  bool m_initialized = false;
+};
+}  // namespace
+static thread_local auto_com tls_com_context;
+#endif
+
 static ptrdiff_t s_path_cutoff_point = 0;
 
 static void LogCallback(const char* format, ...)
@@ -47,8 +92,38 @@ static void DestroyContext(cubeb* ctx)
   }
 }
 
+static bool EnsureCubebCallable()
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  if (!tls_com_context.initialize())
+    return false;
+#endif
+  return true;
+}
+
+void CubebUtils::RunInCubebContext(const std::function<void()>& func)
+{
+  // Cubeb is documented to require MTA COM mode, so if the current thread was initialized in STA
+  // mode, we make a temporary thread to execute the cubeb call.
+  if (EnsureCubebCallable())
+  {
+    func();
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    std::thread([&] {
+      // this should never fail, so yell loudly if it does
+      ASSERT(EnsureCubebCallable());
+      func();
+    }).join();
+  }
+}
+
 std::shared_ptr<cubeb> CubebUtils::GetContext()
 {
+  if (!EnsureCubebCallable())
+    return nullptr;
+
   static std::weak_ptr<cubeb> weak;
 
   std::shared_ptr<cubeb> shared = weak.lock();