// Copyright 2016 Dolphin Emulator Project
// Licensed under GPLv2+
// Refer to the license.txt file included.

#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/StateTracker.h"

#include <cstring>

#include "Common/Align.h"
#include "Common/Assert.h"

#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/CommandBufferManager.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/Constants.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/ObjectCache.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/ShaderCache.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/StreamBuffer.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/Util.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/VKPipeline.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/VertexFormat.h"
#include "VideoBackends/Vulkan/VulkanContext.h"

#include "VideoCommon/GeometryShaderManager.h"
#include "VideoCommon/PixelShaderManager.h"
#include "VideoCommon/Statistics.h"
#include "VideoCommon/VertexLoaderManager.h"
#include "VideoCommon/VertexShaderManager.h"
#include "VideoCommon/VideoConfig.h"

namespace Vulkan
{
static std::unique_ptr<StateTracker> s_state_tracker;

StateTracker* StateTracker::GetInstance()
{
  return s_state_tracker.get();
}

bool StateTracker::CreateInstance()
{
  ASSERT(!s_state_tracker);
  s_state_tracker = std::make_unique<StateTracker>();
  if (!s_state_tracker->Initialize())
  {
    s_state_tracker.reset();
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

void StateTracker::DestroyInstance()
{
  s_state_tracker.reset();
}

bool StateTracker::Initialize()
{
  // Initialize all samplers to point by default
  for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_PIXEL_SHADER_SAMPLERS; i++)
  {
    m_bindings.ps_samplers[i].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
    m_bindings.ps_samplers[i].imageView = g_object_cache->GetDummyImageView();
    m_bindings.ps_samplers[i].sampler = g_object_cache->GetPointSampler();
  }

  // Create the streaming uniform buffer
  m_uniform_stream_buffer =
      StreamBuffer::Create(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT, INITIAL_UNIFORM_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE,
                           MAXIMUM_UNIFORM_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE);
  if (!m_uniform_stream_buffer)
  {
    PanicAlert("Failed to create uniform stream buffer");
    return false;
  }

  // The validation layer complains if max(offsets) + max(ubo_ranges) >= ubo_size.
  // To work around this we reserve the maximum buffer size at all times, but only commit
  // as many bytes as we use.
  m_uniform_buffer_reserve_size = sizeof(PixelShaderConstants);
  m_uniform_buffer_reserve_size = Common::AlignUp(m_uniform_buffer_reserve_size,
                                                  g_vulkan_context->GetUniformBufferAlignment()) +
                                  sizeof(VertexShaderConstants);
  m_uniform_buffer_reserve_size = Common::AlignUp(m_uniform_buffer_reserve_size,
                                                  g_vulkan_context->GetUniformBufferAlignment()) +
                                  sizeof(GeometryShaderConstants);

  // Default dirty flags include all descriptors
  InvalidateDescriptorSets();
  SetPendingRebind();

  // Set default constants
  UploadAllConstants();
  return true;
}

void StateTracker::SetVertexBuffer(VkBuffer buffer, VkDeviceSize offset)
{
  if (m_vertex_buffer == buffer && m_vertex_buffer_offset == offset)
    return;

  m_vertex_buffer = buffer;
  m_vertex_buffer_offset = offset;
  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_VERTEX_BUFFER;
}

void StateTracker::SetIndexBuffer(VkBuffer buffer, VkDeviceSize offset, VkIndexType type)
{
  if (m_index_buffer == buffer && m_index_buffer_offset == offset && m_index_type == type)
    return;

  m_index_buffer = buffer;
  m_index_buffer_offset = offset;
  m_index_type = type;
  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_INDEX_BUFFER;
}

void StateTracker::SetRenderPass(VkRenderPass load_render_pass, VkRenderPass clear_render_pass)
{
  // Should not be changed within a render pass.
  ASSERT(!InRenderPass());
  m_load_render_pass = load_render_pass;
  m_clear_render_pass = clear_render_pass;
}

void StateTracker::SetFramebuffer(VkFramebuffer framebuffer, const VkRect2D& render_area)
{
  // Should not be changed within a render pass.
  ASSERT(!InRenderPass());
  m_framebuffer = framebuffer;
  m_framebuffer_size = render_area;
}

void StateTracker::SetPipeline(const VKPipeline* pipeline)
{
  if (m_pipeline == pipeline)
    return;

  const bool new_usage =
      pipeline && (!m_pipeline || m_pipeline->GetUsage() != pipeline->GetUsage());

  m_pipeline = pipeline;
  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_PIPELINE;
  if (new_usage)
    m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_ALL_DESCRIPTOR_SETS;
}

void StateTracker::UpdateVertexShaderConstants()
{
  if (!VertexShaderManager::dirty || !ReserveConstantStorage())
    return;

  // Buffer allocation changed?
  if (m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetBuffer() !=
      m_bindings.uniform_buffer_bindings[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_VS].buffer)
  {
    m_bindings.uniform_buffer_bindings[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_VS].buffer =
        m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetBuffer();
    m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_VS_UBO;
  }

  m_bindings.uniform_buffer_offsets[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_VS] =
      static_cast<uint32_t>(m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetCurrentOffset());
  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_DYNAMIC_OFFSETS;

  memcpy(m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetCurrentHostPointer(), &VertexShaderManager::constants,
         sizeof(VertexShaderConstants));
  ADDSTAT(stats.thisFrame.bytesUniformStreamed, sizeof(VertexShaderConstants));
  m_uniform_stream_buffer->CommitMemory(sizeof(VertexShaderConstants));
  VertexShaderManager::dirty = false;
}

void StateTracker::UpdateGeometryShaderConstants()
{
  if (!GeometryShaderManager::dirty || !ReserveConstantStorage())
    return;

  // Buffer allocation changed?
  if (m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetBuffer() !=
      m_bindings.uniform_buffer_bindings[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_GS].buffer)
  {
    m_bindings.uniform_buffer_bindings[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_GS].buffer =
        m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetBuffer();
    m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_GS_UBO;
  }

  m_bindings.uniform_buffer_offsets[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_GS] =
      static_cast<uint32_t>(m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetCurrentOffset());
  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_DYNAMIC_OFFSETS;

  memcpy(m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetCurrentHostPointer(), &GeometryShaderManager::constants,
         sizeof(GeometryShaderConstants));
  ADDSTAT(stats.thisFrame.bytesUniformStreamed, sizeof(GeometryShaderConstants));
  m_uniform_stream_buffer->CommitMemory(sizeof(GeometryShaderConstants));
  GeometryShaderManager::dirty = false;
}

void StateTracker::UpdatePixelShaderConstants()
{
  if (!PixelShaderManager::dirty || !ReserveConstantStorage())
    return;

  // Buffer allocation changed?
  if (m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetBuffer() !=
      m_bindings.uniform_buffer_bindings[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_PS].buffer)
  {
    m_bindings.uniform_buffer_bindings[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_PS].buffer =
        m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetBuffer();
    m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_PS_UBO;
  }

  m_bindings.uniform_buffer_offsets[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_PS] =
      static_cast<uint32_t>(m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetCurrentOffset());
  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_DYNAMIC_OFFSETS;

  memcpy(m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetCurrentHostPointer(), &PixelShaderManager::constants,
         sizeof(PixelShaderConstants));
  ADDSTAT(stats.thisFrame.bytesUniformStreamed, sizeof(PixelShaderConstants));
  m_uniform_stream_buffer->CommitMemory(sizeof(PixelShaderConstants));
  PixelShaderManager::dirty = false;
}

void StateTracker::UpdateConstants(const void* data, u32 data_size)
{
  if (!m_uniform_stream_buffer->ReserveMemory(
          data_size, g_vulkan_context->GetUniformBufferAlignment(), true, true, false))
  {
    WARN_LOG(VIDEO, "Executing command buffer while waiting for ext space in uniform buffer");
    Util::ExecuteCurrentCommandsAndRestoreState(false);
  }

  for (u32 binding = 0; binding < NUM_UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDINGS; binding++)
  {
    if (m_bindings.uniform_buffer_bindings[binding].buffer != m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetBuffer())
    {
      m_bindings.uniform_buffer_bindings[binding].buffer = m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetBuffer();
      m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_VS_UBO << binding;
    }
    m_bindings.uniform_buffer_offsets[binding] =
        static_cast<uint32_t>(m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetCurrentOffset());
  }
  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_DYNAMIC_OFFSETS;

  std::memcpy(m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetCurrentHostPointer(), data, data_size);
  ADDSTAT(stats.thisFrame.bytesUniformStreamed, data_size);
  m_uniform_stream_buffer->CommitMemory(data_size);

  // Cached data is now out-of-sync.
  VertexShaderManager::dirty = true;
  GeometryShaderManager::dirty = true;
  PixelShaderManager::dirty = true;
}

bool StateTracker::ReserveConstantStorage()
{
  // Since we invalidate all constants on command buffer execution, it doesn't matter if this
  // causes the stream buffer to be resized.
  if (m_uniform_stream_buffer->ReserveMemory(m_uniform_buffer_reserve_size,
                                             g_vulkan_context->GetUniformBufferAlignment(), true,
                                             true, false))
  {
    return true;
  }

  // The only places that call constant updates are safe to have state restored.
  WARN_LOG(VIDEO, "Executing command buffer while waiting for space in uniform buffer");
  Util::ExecuteCurrentCommandsAndRestoreState(false);

  // Since we are on a new command buffer, all constants have been invalidated, and we need
  // to reupload them. We may as well do this now, since we're issuing a draw anyway.
  UploadAllConstants();
  return false;
}

void StateTracker::UploadAllConstants()
{
  // We are free to re-use parts of the buffer now since we're uploading all constants.
  size_t ub_alignment = g_vulkan_context->GetUniformBufferAlignment();
  size_t pixel_constants_offset = 0;
  size_t vertex_constants_offset =
      Common::AlignUp(pixel_constants_offset + sizeof(PixelShaderConstants), ub_alignment);
  size_t geometry_constants_offset =
      Common::AlignUp(vertex_constants_offset + sizeof(VertexShaderConstants), ub_alignment);
  size_t allocation_size = geometry_constants_offset + sizeof(GeometryShaderConstants);

  // Allocate everything at once.
  // We should only be here if the buffer was full and a command buffer was submitted anyway.
  if (!m_uniform_stream_buffer->ReserveMemory(allocation_size, ub_alignment, true, true, false))
  {
    PanicAlert("Failed to allocate space for constants in streaming buffer");
    return;
  }

  // Update bindings
  for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDINGS; i++)
  {
    m_bindings.uniform_buffer_bindings[i].buffer = m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetBuffer();
    m_bindings.uniform_buffer_bindings[i].offset = 0;
  }
  m_bindings.uniform_buffer_bindings[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_PS].range =
      sizeof(PixelShaderConstants);
  m_bindings.uniform_buffer_bindings[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_VS].range =
      sizeof(VertexShaderConstants);
  m_bindings.uniform_buffer_bindings[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_GS].range =
      sizeof(GeometryShaderConstants);

  // Update dynamic offsets
  m_bindings.uniform_buffer_offsets[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_PS] =
      static_cast<uint32_t>(m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetCurrentOffset() + pixel_constants_offset);

  m_bindings.uniform_buffer_offsets[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_VS] =
      static_cast<uint32_t>(m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetCurrentOffset() + vertex_constants_offset);

  m_bindings.uniform_buffer_offsets[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_GS] = static_cast<uint32_t>(
      m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetCurrentOffset() + geometry_constants_offset);

  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_ALL_DESCRIPTOR_SETS | DIRTY_FLAG_DYNAMIC_OFFSETS | DIRTY_FLAG_VS_UBO |
                   DIRTY_FLAG_GS_UBO | DIRTY_FLAG_PS_UBO;

  // Copy the actual data in
  memcpy(m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetCurrentHostPointer() + pixel_constants_offset,
         &PixelShaderManager::constants, sizeof(PixelShaderConstants));
  memcpy(m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetCurrentHostPointer() + vertex_constants_offset,
         &VertexShaderManager::constants, sizeof(VertexShaderConstants));
  memcpy(m_uniform_stream_buffer->GetCurrentHostPointer() + geometry_constants_offset,
         &GeometryShaderManager::constants, sizeof(GeometryShaderConstants));

  // Finally, flush buffer memory after copying
  m_uniform_stream_buffer->CommitMemory(allocation_size);

  // Clear dirty flags
  VertexShaderManager::dirty = false;
  GeometryShaderManager::dirty = false;
  PixelShaderManager::dirty = false;
}

void StateTracker::SetTexture(size_t index, VkImageView view)
{
  if (m_bindings.ps_samplers[index].imageView == view)
    return;

  m_bindings.ps_samplers[index].imageView = view;
  m_bindings.ps_samplers[index].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_PS_SAMPLERS;
}

void StateTracker::SetSampler(size_t index, VkSampler sampler)
{
  if (m_bindings.ps_samplers[index].sampler == sampler)
    return;

  m_bindings.ps_samplers[index].sampler = sampler;
  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_PS_SAMPLERS;
}

void StateTracker::SetBBoxBuffer(VkBuffer buffer, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize range)
{
  if (m_bindings.ps_ssbo.buffer == buffer && m_bindings.ps_ssbo.offset == offset &&
      m_bindings.ps_ssbo.range == range)
  {
    return;
  }

  m_bindings.ps_ssbo.buffer = buffer;
  m_bindings.ps_ssbo.offset = offset;
  m_bindings.ps_ssbo.range = range;
  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_PS_SSBO;
}

void StateTracker::UnbindTexture(VkImageView view)
{
  for (VkDescriptorImageInfo& it : m_bindings.ps_samplers)
  {
    if (it.imageView == view)
      it.imageView = g_object_cache->GetDummyImageView();
  }
}

void StateTracker::InvalidateDescriptorSets()
{
  m_descriptor_sets.fill(VK_NULL_HANDLE);
  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_ALL_DESCRIPTOR_SETS;
}

void StateTracker::InvalidateConstants()
{
  VertexShaderManager::dirty = true;
  GeometryShaderManager::dirty = true;
  PixelShaderManager::dirty = true;
}

void StateTracker::SetPendingRebind()
{
  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_DYNAMIC_OFFSETS | DIRTY_FLAG_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING |
                   DIRTY_FLAG_VERTEX_BUFFER | DIRTY_FLAG_INDEX_BUFFER | DIRTY_FLAG_VIEWPORT |
                   DIRTY_FLAG_SCISSOR | DIRTY_FLAG_PIPELINE;
}

void StateTracker::BeginRenderPass()
{
  if (InRenderPass())
    return;

  m_current_render_pass = m_load_render_pass;
  m_framebuffer_render_area = m_framebuffer_size;

  VkRenderPassBeginInfo begin_info = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
                                      nullptr,
                                      m_current_render_pass,
                                      m_framebuffer,
                                      m_framebuffer_render_area,
                                      0,
                                      nullptr};

  vkCmdBeginRenderPass(g_command_buffer_mgr->GetCurrentCommandBuffer(), &begin_info,
                       VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
}

void StateTracker::EndRenderPass()
{
  if (!InRenderPass())
    return;

  vkCmdEndRenderPass(g_command_buffer_mgr->GetCurrentCommandBuffer());
  m_current_render_pass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
}

void StateTracker::BeginClearRenderPass(const VkRect2D& area, const VkClearValue* clear_values,
                                        u32 num_clear_values)
{
  ASSERT(!InRenderPass());

  m_current_render_pass = m_clear_render_pass;
  m_framebuffer_render_area = area;

  VkRenderPassBeginInfo begin_info = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
                                      nullptr,
                                      m_current_render_pass,
                                      m_framebuffer,
                                      m_framebuffer_render_area,
                                      num_clear_values,
                                      clear_values};

  vkCmdBeginRenderPass(g_command_buffer_mgr->GetCurrentCommandBuffer(), &begin_info,
                       VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
}

void StateTracker::SetViewport(const VkViewport& viewport)
{
  if (memcmp(&m_viewport, &viewport, sizeof(viewport)) == 0)
    return;

  m_viewport = viewport;
  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_VIEWPORT;
}

void StateTracker::SetScissor(const VkRect2D& scissor)
{
  if (memcmp(&m_scissor, &scissor, sizeof(scissor)) == 0)
    return;

  m_scissor = scissor;
  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_SCISSOR;
}

bool StateTracker::Bind(bool rebind_all /*= false*/)
{
  // Must have a pipeline.
  if (!m_pipeline)
    return false;

  // Check the render area if we were in a clear pass.
  if (m_current_render_pass == m_clear_render_pass && !IsViewportWithinRenderArea())
    EndRenderPass();

  // Get a new descriptor set if any parts have changed
  if (m_dirty_flags & DIRTY_FLAG_ALL_DESCRIPTOR_SETS && !UpdateDescriptorSet())
  {
    // We can fail to allocate descriptors if we exhaust the pool for this command buffer.
    WARN_LOG(VIDEO, "Failed to get a descriptor set, executing buffer");
    Util::ExecuteCurrentCommandsAndRestoreState(false, false);
    if (!UpdateDescriptorSet())
    {
      // Something strange going on.
      ERROR_LOG(VIDEO, "Failed to get descriptor set, skipping draw");
      return false;
    }
  }

  // Start render pass if not already started
  if (!InRenderPass())
    BeginRenderPass();

  // Re-bind parts of the pipeline
  VkCommandBuffer command_buffer = g_command_buffer_mgr->GetCurrentCommandBuffer();
  if (m_dirty_flags & DIRTY_FLAG_VERTEX_BUFFER || rebind_all)
    vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(command_buffer, 0, 1, &m_vertex_buffer, &m_vertex_buffer_offset);

  if (m_dirty_flags & DIRTY_FLAG_INDEX_BUFFER || rebind_all)
    vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(command_buffer, m_index_buffer, m_index_buffer_offset, m_index_type);

  if (m_dirty_flags & DIRTY_FLAG_PIPELINE || rebind_all)
    vkCmdBindPipeline(command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, m_pipeline->GetVkPipeline());

  if (m_dirty_flags & DIRTY_FLAG_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING || rebind_all)
  {
    vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
                            m_pipeline->GetVkPipelineLayout(), 0, m_num_active_descriptor_sets,
                            m_descriptor_sets.data(), m_num_dynamic_offsets,
                            m_bindings.uniform_buffer_offsets.data());
  }
  else if (m_dirty_flags & DIRTY_FLAG_DYNAMIC_OFFSETS)
  {
    vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(command_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
                            m_pipeline->GetVkPipelineLayout(),
                            DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIND_POINT_UNIFORM_BUFFERS, 1,
                            &m_descriptor_sets[DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIND_POINT_UNIFORM_BUFFERS],
                            m_num_dynamic_offsets, m_bindings.uniform_buffer_offsets.data());
  }

  if (m_dirty_flags & DIRTY_FLAG_VIEWPORT || rebind_all)
    vkCmdSetViewport(command_buffer, 0, 1, &m_viewport);

  if (m_dirty_flags & DIRTY_FLAG_SCISSOR || rebind_all)
    vkCmdSetScissor(command_buffer, 0, 1, &m_scissor);

  m_dirty_flags = 0;
  return true;
}

void StateTracker::OnDraw()
{
  m_draw_counter++;

  // If we didn't have any CPU access last frame, do nothing.
  if (m_scheduled_command_buffer_kicks.empty() || !m_allow_background_execution)
    return;

  // Check if this draw is scheduled to kick a command buffer.
  // The draw counters will always be sorted so a binary search is possible here.
  if (std::binary_search(m_scheduled_command_buffer_kicks.begin(),
                         m_scheduled_command_buffer_kicks.end(), m_draw_counter))
  {
    // Kick a command buffer on the background thread.
    Util::ExecuteCurrentCommandsAndRestoreState(true);
  }
}

void StateTracker::OnCPUEFBAccess()
{
  // Check this isn't another access without any draws inbetween.
  if (!m_cpu_accesses_this_frame.empty() && m_cpu_accesses_this_frame.back() == m_draw_counter)
    return;

  // Store the current draw counter for scheduling in OnEndFrame.
  m_cpu_accesses_this_frame.emplace_back(m_draw_counter);
}

void StateTracker::OnEFBCopyToRAM()
{
  // If we're not deferring, try to preempt it next frame.
  if (!g_ActiveConfig.bDeferEFBCopies)
  {
    OnCPUEFBAccess();
    return;
  }

  // Otherwise, only execute if we have at least 10 objects between us and the last copy.
  const u32 diff = m_draw_counter - m_last_efb_copy_draw_counter;
  m_last_efb_copy_draw_counter = m_draw_counter;
  if (diff < MINIMUM_DRAW_CALLS_PER_COMMAND_BUFFER_FOR_READBACK)
    return;

  Util::ExecuteCurrentCommandsAndRestoreState(true);
}

void StateTracker::OnEndFrame()
{
  m_draw_counter = 0;
  m_last_efb_copy_draw_counter = 0;
  m_scheduled_command_buffer_kicks.clear();

  // If we have no CPU access at all, leave everything in the one command buffer for maximum
  // parallelism between CPU/GPU, at the cost of slightly higher latency.
  if (m_cpu_accesses_this_frame.empty())
    return;

  // In order to reduce CPU readback latency, we want to kick a command buffer roughly halfway
  // between the draw counters that invoked the readback, or every 250 draws, whichever is smaller.
  if (g_ActiveConfig.iCommandBufferExecuteInterval > 0)
  {
    u32 last_draw_counter = 0;
    u32 interval = static_cast<u32>(g_ActiveConfig.iCommandBufferExecuteInterval);
    for (u32 draw_counter : m_cpu_accesses_this_frame)
    {
      // We don't want to waste executing command buffers for only a few draws, so set a minimum.
      // Leave last_draw_counter as-is, so we get the correct number of draws between submissions.
      u32 draw_count = draw_counter - last_draw_counter;
      if (draw_count < MINIMUM_DRAW_CALLS_PER_COMMAND_BUFFER_FOR_READBACK)
        continue;

      if (draw_count <= interval)
      {
        u32 mid_point = draw_count / 2;
        m_scheduled_command_buffer_kicks.emplace_back(last_draw_counter + mid_point);
      }
      else
      {
        u32 counter = interval;
        while (counter < draw_count)
        {
          m_scheduled_command_buffer_kicks.emplace_back(last_draw_counter + counter);
          counter += interval;
        }
      }

      last_draw_counter = draw_counter;
    }
  }

#if 0
  {
    std::stringstream ss;
    std::for_each(m_cpu_accesses_this_frame.begin(), m_cpu_accesses_this_frame.end(), [&ss](u32 idx) { ss << idx << ","; });
    WARN_LOG(VIDEO, "CPU EFB accesses in last frame: %s", ss.str().c_str());
  }
  {
    std::stringstream ss;
    std::for_each(m_scheduled_command_buffer_kicks.begin(), m_scheduled_command_buffer_kicks.end(), [&ss](u32 idx) { ss << idx << ","; });
    WARN_LOG(VIDEO, "Scheduled command buffer kicks: %s", ss.str().c_str());
  }
#endif

  m_cpu_accesses_this_frame.clear();
}

void StateTracker::SetBackgroundCommandBufferExecution(bool enabled)
{
  m_allow_background_execution = enabled;
}

bool StateTracker::IsWithinRenderArea(s32 x, s32 y, u32 width, u32 height) const
{
  // Check that the viewport does not lie outside the render area.
  // If it does, we need to switch to a normal load/store render pass.
  s32 left = m_framebuffer_render_area.offset.x;
  s32 top = m_framebuffer_render_area.offset.y;
  s32 right = left + static_cast<s32>(m_framebuffer_render_area.extent.width);
  s32 bottom = top + static_cast<s32>(m_framebuffer_render_area.extent.height);
  s32 test_left = x;
  s32 test_top = y;
  s32 test_right = test_left + static_cast<s32>(width);
  s32 test_bottom = test_top + static_cast<s32>(height);
  return test_left >= left && test_right <= right && test_top >= top && test_bottom <= bottom;
}

bool StateTracker::IsViewportWithinRenderArea() const
{
  return IsWithinRenderArea(static_cast<s32>(m_viewport.x), static_cast<s32>(m_viewport.y),
                            static_cast<u32>(m_viewport.width),
                            static_cast<u32>(m_viewport.height));
}

void StateTracker::EndClearRenderPass()
{
  if (m_current_render_pass != m_clear_render_pass)
    return;

  // End clear render pass. Bind() will call BeginRenderPass() which
  // will switch to the load/store render pass.
  EndRenderPass();
}

bool StateTracker::UpdateDescriptorSet()
{
  if (m_pipeline->GetUsage() == AbstractPipelineUsage::GX)
    return UpdateGXDescriptorSet();
  else
    return UpdateUtilityDescriptorSet();
}

bool StateTracker::UpdateGXDescriptorSet()
{
  const size_t MAX_DESCRIPTOR_WRITES = NUM_UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDINGS +  // UBO
                                       1 +                                // Samplers
                                       1;                                 // SSBO
  std::array<VkWriteDescriptorSet, MAX_DESCRIPTOR_WRITES> writes;
  u32 num_writes = 0;

  if (m_dirty_flags & (DIRTY_FLAG_VS_UBO | DIRTY_FLAG_GS_UBO | DIRTY_FLAG_PS_UBO) ||
      m_descriptor_sets[DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIND_POINT_UNIFORM_BUFFERS] == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
  {
    VkDescriptorSetLayout layout =
        g_object_cache->GetDescriptorSetLayout(DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_PER_STAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFERS);
    VkDescriptorSet set = g_command_buffer_mgr->AllocateDescriptorSet(layout);
    if (set == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
      return false;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDINGS; i++)
    {
      if (i == UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_GS && !g_vulkan_context->SupportsGeometryShaders())
        continue;

      writes[num_writes++] = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
                              nullptr,
                              set,
                              static_cast<uint32_t>(i),
                              0,
                              1,
                              VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC,
                              nullptr,
                              &m_bindings.uniform_buffer_bindings[i],
                              nullptr};
    }

    m_descriptor_sets[DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIND_POINT_UNIFORM_BUFFERS] = set;
    m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING;
  }

  if (m_dirty_flags & DIRTY_FLAG_PS_SAMPLERS ||
      m_descriptor_sets[DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIND_POINT_PIXEL_SHADER_SAMPLERS] == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
  {
    VkDescriptorSetLayout layout =
        g_object_cache->GetDescriptorSetLayout(DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_PIXEL_SHADER_SAMPLERS);
    VkDescriptorSet set = g_command_buffer_mgr->AllocateDescriptorSet(layout);
    if (set == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
      return false;

    writes[num_writes++] = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
                            nullptr,
                            set,
                            0,
                            0,
                            static_cast<u32>(NUM_PIXEL_SHADER_SAMPLERS),
                            VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
                            m_bindings.ps_samplers.data(),
                            nullptr,
                            nullptr};

    m_descriptor_sets[DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIND_POINT_PIXEL_SHADER_SAMPLERS] = set;
    m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING;
  }

  if (g_vulkan_context->SupportsBoundingBox() &&
      (m_dirty_flags & DIRTY_FLAG_PS_SSBO ||
       m_descriptor_sets[DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIND_POINT_STORAGE_OR_TEXEL_BUFFER] == VK_NULL_HANDLE))
  {
    VkDescriptorSetLayout layout =
        g_object_cache->GetDescriptorSetLayout(DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFERS);
    VkDescriptorSet set = g_command_buffer_mgr->AllocateDescriptorSet(layout);
    if (set == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
      return false;

    writes[num_writes++] = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
                            nullptr,
                            set,
                            0,
                            0,
                            1,
                            VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
                            nullptr,
                            &m_bindings.ps_ssbo,
                            nullptr};

    m_descriptor_sets[DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIND_POINT_STORAGE_OR_TEXEL_BUFFER] = set;
    m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING;
  }

  if (num_writes > 0)
    vkUpdateDescriptorSets(g_vulkan_context->GetDevice(), num_writes, writes.data(), 0, nullptr);

  m_num_active_descriptor_sets = NUM_GX_DRAW_DESCRIPTOR_SETS;
  m_num_dynamic_offsets = NUM_UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDINGS;
  return true;
}

bool StateTracker::UpdateUtilityDescriptorSet()
{
  // Allocate descriptor sets.
  m_descriptor_sets[0] = g_command_buffer_mgr->AllocateDescriptorSet(
      g_object_cache->GetDescriptorSetLayout(DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_SINGLE_UNIFORM_BUFFER));
  m_descriptor_sets[1] = g_command_buffer_mgr->AllocateDescriptorSet(
      g_object_cache->GetDescriptorSetLayout(DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_PIXEL_SHADER_SAMPLERS));
  if (m_descriptor_sets[0] == VK_NULL_HANDLE || m_descriptor_sets[1] == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
  {
    return false;
  }

  // Build UBO descriptor set.
  std::array<VkWriteDescriptorSet, 2> dswrites;
  dswrites[0] = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
                 nullptr,
                 m_descriptor_sets[0],
                 0,
                 0,
                 1,
                 VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC,
                 nullptr,
                 &m_bindings.uniform_buffer_bindings[UBO_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING_VS],
                 nullptr};
  dswrites[1] = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
                 nullptr,
                 m_descriptor_sets[1],
                 0,
                 0,
                 NUM_PIXEL_SHADER_SAMPLERS,
                 VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
                 m_bindings.ps_samplers.data(),
                 nullptr,
                 nullptr};

  vkUpdateDescriptorSets(g_vulkan_context->GetDevice(), static_cast<uint32_t>(dswrites.size()),
                         dswrites.data(), 0, nullptr);
  m_num_active_descriptor_sets = NUM_UTILITY_DRAW_DESCRIPTOR_SETS;
  m_num_dynamic_offsets = 1;
  m_dirty_flags |= DIRTY_FLAG_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDING;
  return true;
}

}  // namespace Vulkan