Public domain does not have an internationally agreed upon definition,
As such it's generally preferred to use an extremely liberal license,
which can explicitly list the rights granted by the copyright holder.
The CC0 license is the usual choice here.
This "relicensing" is done without hunting down copyright holders, since
it is presumed that their release of this work into the public domain
authorizes us to redistribute this code under any other license of our
choosing.
In cases where we just want a random value for a primitive arithmetic
type, we can wrap this in a template to allow convenient direct
assignment instead of keeping declaration and initialization separate
(making it more difficult to use values uninitialized). This also allows
the use of Common::Random with functions such as std::generate, making
it more flexible in how random values can be generated.
This makes it easier to generate random numbers or fill a buffer with
random data in a cryptographically secure way.
This also replaces existing usages of RNG functions in the codebase:
* <random> is pretty hard to use correctly, and std::random_device does
not give enough guarantees about its results (it's
implementation-defined, non cryptographically secure and could be
deterministic on some platforms).
Doing things correctly is error prone and verbose.
* rand() is terrible and should not be used especially in crypto code.
